13.080.20 (Physical properties of soil) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5874-02(2007) 测定土壤冲击值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold.1.2 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of an unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pavement materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum particle sizes less than 37.5 mm (1.5 in.).1.3 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower strength soils such as fine grained cohesion less, highly organic, saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle size less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.).1.4 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particular soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated with an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be used to infer percentage compaction.1.5 The values stated SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are given for information only.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.7 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1The equipment and procedures contained in this test method are similar to those developed by B. Clegg in the 1970s at the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. Impact Value is also commonly known as Clegg Impact Value (CIV).

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil

ASTM D3877-02 土壤石灰混合物单向膨胀,收缩和隆起压力的标准试验方法

From these tests the relative expansive potential of soil-lime mixtures containing varying amounts of lime can be evaluated. From such an evaluation, the amount of lime required to reduce expansion to acceptable levels can be determined. The data can then be used for the design and specification requirements for structural fill and subgrade fill where expansive soils are encountered and it is desired to give a certain degree of expansion-shrinkage control to structure foundations and road subgrades. The tests will also show if the specific soils are amenable to lime stabilization. Note 28212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These test methods provide procedures for conducting expansion, shrinkage, and uplift pressure tests on compacted soil-lime mixtures and can be used to determine the lime content required to achieve desired control of volume changes caused by increases or decreases of moisture.1.2 The tests can be used to determine (1) the magnitude of volume changes under varying load conditions, (2) the rate of volume change, and (3)the magnitude of pressure change as moisture changes of the soil-lime mixture take place. The permeability of soil-lime mixture can also, if desired, be determined at the various load conditions. Note 18212;Changes in field conditions can have major effects on the expansion and shrinkage characteristics of expansive soils. Therefore, to the greatest extent possible, initial and anticipated future field conditions should be duplicated, particularly with respect to moisture and density.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 60261.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures

ASTM D4943-02 用蜂蜡法对土壤收缩系数的标准试验方法

The term shrinkage limit, expressed as a moisture content in percent, represents the amount of water required just to fill all of the voids of a given cohesive soil at its minimum void ratio obtained by ovendrying. The shrinkage limit can be used to evaluate the shrinkage potential, crack development potential, and swell potential of earthwork involving cohesive soils. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the shrinkage limit of soils.1.2 The data obtained using this test method may also be used to calculate shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage, and linear shrinkage.1.3 This test method is applicable only for cohesive soils.1.4 Since this test method is performed only on that portion of a soil which passes the No. 40 (425-956;m) sieve, the relative consistency of this portion of the soil to the properties of the sample as a whole must be considered when using these procedures to evaluate the properties of a soil.1.5 The shrinkage limit along with the liquid limit and plastic limit of soils are often collectively referred to as the Atterberg limits in recognition of their formation by Swedish soil scientist, A. Atterberg. These limits distinguish the boundaries of the several consistency states of cohesive soils.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety hazards, see Section 7, Note 2, and Note X1.1.

Standard Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the Wax Method

ASTM D5874-02 测定土壤冲击值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold.1.2 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of an unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pavement materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum particle sizes less than 37.5 mm (1.5 in.).1.3 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower strength soils such as fine grained cohesionless, highly organic, saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle size less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.).1.4 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particular soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated with an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be used to infer percentage compaction.1.5 The values stated SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are given for information only.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.7 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;The equipment and procedures contained in this test method are similar to those developed by B. Clegg in the 1970s at the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. Impact Value is also commonly known as Clegg Impact Value (CIV).

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil

ASTM D6539-00(2006)e1 采用流动空气测量未饱和多孔材料渗透性的标准试验方法

This test method applies to the one-dimensional laminar (viscous) flow of air in porous materials such as soil. Note 18212;This test method deals with porous materials with both gaseous (air) and liquid (pore water) mobile fluids: The liquid phase is much less compressible, has a higher viscosity, and is much more tightly bound to the solid phase by chemical forces. The assumption of single-phase flow may still be presumed to be valid since the test gradient ensuring the conditions of laminar flow may be low enough that flow of the liquid phase is negligible. The degree of saturation of the specimen shall be less than that which would produce significant internal transport of pore water or alter the continuity of air voids under the applied pneumatic gradients. The maximum permissible degree of saturation must be evaluated by an experienced analyst. In no instance shall the specimen be so saturated that pore water appears at the exit of the permeameter cell during the test. This test method is based on the assumption that the rate of mass flow through the specimen is constant with time. Note 28212;When a specimen contains volatile materials this assumption is violated. The mass of gas flowing out will be greater than that flowing in, the pneumatic gradient is indeterminate and the test may become meaningless. Such specimens pose special problems and must be decontaminated before analysis in order to minimize health and safety concerns and to prevent contamination of the test apparatus. The pneumatic permeability of porous materials may be strongly dependent on a variety of physical properties including the void ratio, the degree of saturation, percent and direction of compaction, and so forth. It is beyond the scope of this test method to elaborate these dependencies. Rather, this test method is intended to be a measurement technique for determining the pneumatic permeability under a certain set of laboratory conditions. It is the responsibility of the requestor to specify which soil parameters must be controlled to ensure a valid extension of the test results to field conditions. It is assumed that Darcy''s Law is valid. The validity of Darcy''s law may be evaluated by plotting the volumetric flow through the specimen against the differential pressure drop across the specimen. If the individual test points lie within 25 % of a straight line passing through the origin, then Darcy''s law may be taken as valid. Note 38212;Darcy''s law is valid only when saturation does not change over time. Long measurement times associated with the use of bubble meters and manometers may indirectly be an uncontrolled source of variability when plotting flow versus pressure drop (see 8.2). The recommended use of digital electronic flow and pressure sensors leads to considerably reduced measurement times because the user can quickly determine by inspection when a steady state condition has been reached. At that point only a single reading needs to be taken for a reliable measurement. A rapid course of measurement will minimize dehydration of partially saturated specimens. Note 48212;Humidifying the test gas to minimize specimen dehydration is not recommended because: (1) there is no practical way to either measure or control the relative humidity of the test gas, either at the inlet or outlet of the specimen; (2) the calibration of the electronic flowmeter is for dry air only and would become unreliable in the presence of water vapor, especially in view of the potential for irreversible adsorption of moisture on the sensor elements; (3) there is a danger of permanent water condensation in the static transfer ..........

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Pneumatic Permeability of Partially Saturated Porous Materials by Flowing Air

ASTM D6539-00 用流动空气测定局部饱水孔隙材料气动渗透性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the coefficient of permeability for the flow of air (pneumatic permeability) through partially saturated porous materials.1.2 This test method may be used with undisturbed or compacted coarse grained soils, silts, or lean cohesive soils that have a low degree of saturation and that have pneumatic permeability between 0.001 square micrometre (1.01 millidarcy) and 100 square micrometre (101 darcy).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition in U.S. practice, the pneumatic permeability of porous media is reported in units of darcy, although the SI unit for pneumatic permeability is square metre.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Pneumatic Permeability of Partially Saturated Porous Materials by Flowing Air

ASTM D5334-00(2004) 用热针探针法测定土壤和岩石导热性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method presents a procedure for determining the thermal conductivity of soil and soft rock using a transient heat method. This test method is applicable for both undisturbed and remolded soil specimens as well as in situ and laboratory soft rock specimens. This test method is suitable only for isotropic materials.1.2 This test method is applicable to dry materials over the temperature range from 20 to 100176;C. It may be used over a limited range around ambient room temperatures for specimens containing moisture.1.3 For satisfactory results in conformance with this test method, the principles governing the size, construction, and use of the apparatus described in this test method should be followed. If the results are to be reported as having been obtained by this test method, then all pertinent requirements prescribed in this test method shall be met.1.4 It is not practicable in a test method of this type to aim to establish details of construction and procedure to cover all contingencies that might offer difficulties to a person without technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat flow, temperature measurement, and general testing practices. Standardization of this test method does not reduce the need for such technical knowledge. It is recognized also that it would be unwise, because of the standardization of this test method, to resist in any way the further development of improved or new methods or procedures by research workers.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe Procedure

ASTM D6539-00(2006) 用流动空气测定局部饱水孔隙材料气动渗透性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers laboratory determination of the coefficient of permeability for the flow of air (pneumatic permeability) through partially saturated porous materials.1.2 This test method may be used with undisturbed or compacted coarse grained soils, silts, or lean cohesive soils that have a low degree of saturation and that have pneumatic permeability between 0.001 square micrometre (1.01 millidarcy) and 100 square micrometre (101 darcy).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition in U.S. practice, the pneumatic permeability of porous media is reported in units of darcy, although the SI unit for pneumatic permeability is square metre.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Pneumatic Permeability of Partially Saturated Porous Materials by Flowing Air

ASTM D6528-00 粘性土的压密不排水直接样品剪切试验的标准试验方法

The shear strength of a specimen depends on the soil type, normal consolidation stress, time of consolidation, rate of strain, and prior stress history of the soil. In this test, the shear strength is measured under constant volume conditions that are equivalent to undrained conditions for a saturated specimen; hence, the test is applicable to field conditions wherein soils have fully consolidated under one set of stresses, and then are subjected to changes in stress without time for further drainage to take place. The constant volume (undrained) strength is a function of stress conditions. In this test method, the strength is measured under plane strain conditions and the principle stresses continuously rotate due to the application of shear stress. This simple shear stress condition occurs in many field situations including zones below a long embankment and around axially loaded piles. The state of stress within the simple shear specimen is not sufficiently defined nor uniform enough to allow rigorous interpretation of the results. Expressing the data in terms of the shear stress and normal effective stress on the horizontal plane is useful for engineering purposes, but should not be confused with the effective stress parameters derived from other shear tests having better defined states of stress. The values of the secant shear modulus can be used to estimate the initial settlements of embankments built on saturated cohesive soils due to undrained shear deformations. The data from the consolidation portion of this test are comparable to results obtained using Test Method D 2435 provided that the more rigorous consolidation procedure of Test Method D 2435 is followed. 5.6.1 The axial displacements measured from Test Method D 2435 are somewhat smaller than for the simple shear test because the specimenrsquo;lateral confinement is less rigid and the top platen is unable to rotate. 5.6.2 The estimated preconsolidation pressure is comparable provided the specimen is loaded sufficiently into the normally consolidated range. 5.6.3 The rate of consolidation is comparable.1.1 This test method defines equipment specifications and testing procedures for the measurement of constant volume strength and stress-strain characteristics of cohesive soils after one-dimensional consolidation using a constant rate of simple shear deformation mode of loading. The constant volume condition is equivalent to the undrained condition for saturated specimens.1.2 This test method is written specifically for devices that test rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical specimens. Other more general devices, such as the torsional shear hollow cylinder, may be used to perform consolidated constant volume simple shear tests but are beyond the scope of this test method.1.3 This test method is applicable to testing both undisturbed and compacted soils, however, it does not include specific guidance for compacting test specimens.1.4 It shall be the responsibility of the agency requesting this test to specify the magnitude of the normal consolidation stress prior to constant volume shear and, when appropriate, the maximum normal consolidation stress, which will result in an overconsolidated specimen.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Reporting test results in units other than SI shall be regarded as conformance with this test method.1.5.1 In the engineering profession it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force, unless dynamic calculations (F=Ma) are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable ......

Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Direct Simple Shear Testing of Cohesive Soils

ASTM D5852-00 喷射指示法现场或实验室测定土壤腐蚀性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the estimation of erodibility of a soil by a jet index method. This test method involves either preparing a field site or obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil sample and the subsequent activities for the determination of the erodibility of soil. This test method also may be run on compacted samples in the laboratory. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet Index Method

ASTM D5873-00(2005)e1 用回弹锤法测定岩石硬度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the testing apparatus, sampling, test specimen preparation, and testing procedures for determining the rebound hardness number of rock material using a spring-driven steel hammer, referred to variously as a rebound hammer, impact test hammer, or concrete test hammer.1.2 This test method is best suited for rock material with uniaxial compressive strengths (see Test Method D 7012) ranging between approximately 1 and 100 MPa.1.3 The portable testing apparatus may be used in the laboratory or field to provide a means of rapid assessment of rock hardness or to serve as an indicator of rock hardness.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Rock Hardness by Rebound Hammer Method

ASTM D6572-00 用团粒试验测定粘性土的崩解性的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods provide a qualitative indication of the natural dispersive characteristics of clayey soils.1.2 These test methods are not applicable for soils with less than 12 % fraction finer than 0.005 mm and with a plasticity index less than or equal to 8.1.3 The crumb test method has some limitations in its usefulness as an indicator of dispersive clay. A dispersive soil may sometimes give a nondispersive reaction in the crumb test. Soils containing kaolinite with known field dispersion problems have shown nondispersive reactions in the crumb test (1). However, if the crumb test indicates dispersion, the soil is probably dispersive.1.4 Oven-dried soil should not be used to prepare crumb test specimens, as irreversible changes could occur to the soil pore-water physicochemical properties responsible for dispersion (2).1.5 The crumb test method, while a good quick indication of dispersive clay, should usually be run in conjunction with a pinhole test and a double hydrometer test, Test Methods D4647 and D4221, respectively.Note 1--In some cases, the results of the pinhole, crumb, and double-hydrometer test methods may disagree. Crumb test methods are a better indicator of dispersive clays than of nondispersive clays (3).1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test

ASTM D5873-00 用回弹锤法对岩石硬度测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the testing apparatus, sampling, test specimen preparation, and testing procedures for determinng the rebound hardness number of rock material using a spring-driven steel hammer, or concrete test hammer. 1.2 This test method is best suited for rock material with uniaxial compressive strengths (see Test Method D2938) ranging between approximately 1 and 100 MPa. 1.3 The portable testing apparatus may be used in the laboratory or field to provide a means of rapid assessment of rock hardness or to serve as an indicator of rock hardness. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Rock Hardness by Rebound Hammer Method

ASTM D5334-00 用热针探头法测定土壤和软石导热性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method presents a procedure for determining the thermal conductivity of soil and soft rock using a transient heat method. This test method is applicable for both undisturbed and remolded soil specimens as well as in situ and laboratory soft rock specimens. This test method is suitable only for isotropic materials.1.2 This test method is applicable to dry materials over the temperature range from 20 to 100oC. It may be used over a limited range around ambient room temperatures for specimens containing moisture.1.3 For satisfactory results in conformance with this test method, the principles governing the size, construction, and use of the apparatus described in this test method should be followed. If the results are to be reported as having been obtained by this test method, then all pertinent requirements prescribed in this test method shall be met.1.4 It is not practicable in a test method of this type to aim to establish details of construction and procedure to cover all contingencies that might offer difficulties to a person without technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat flow, temperature measurement, and general testing practices. Standardization of this test method does not reduce the need for such technical knowledge. It is recognized also that it would be unwise, because of the standardization of this test method, to resist in any way the further development of improved or new methods or procedures by research workers.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe Procedure

ASTM D5852-00(2007) 喷射指示法现场或实验室测定土壤腐蚀性的标准试验方法

Water flow in nature exerts a force on soils that results in erosion. Erosion potential of a soil is of concern in vegetated channels, road embankments, dams, levees, spillways, construction sites, etc. The jet index method is intended to provide a standard method of expressing erosion resistance; to assist those who work with different soils and soil conditions to measure erosion resistance for design purposes; and to provide a common system of characterizing soil properties to develop performance and prediction relationships. The jet index test is not suited for determining erodibility of soils that have structure characteristics larger than the scale of the jet testing device. For example, the erodibility of soil that has a dominant soil structure of 7 to 8 cm or larger (that is, aggregate, clod, or particle size), that might play a key role in the detachment process, should not be estimated with the jet index test. Care should be taken that the test sample and test are representative of expected conditions at the site under investigation. If it is known in advance that the soil will be saturated prior to an erosion event, then the soil should be tested in that condition. At present, the effects of water chemistry on detachment rate are unknown. Therefore, water quality during testing should be simulated as close as possible to the water quality anticipated during actual erosion. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is depend upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the estimation of erodibility of a soil by a jet index method. This test method involves either preparing a field site or obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil sample and the subsequent activities for the determination of the erodibility of soil. This test method also may be run on compacted samples in the laboratory.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet Index Method

ASTM D6276-99a(2006) 用PH值估计土壤稳定要求的土壤石灰比例的标准试验方法

The soil-lime pH test is performed as a test to indicate the soil-lime proportion needed to maintain the elevated pH necessary for sustaining the reactions required to stabilize a soil. The test derives from Eades and Grim.3 Performance tests are normally conducted in a laboratory to verify the results of this test method. This test method will not provide reliable information relative to the potential reactivity of a particular soil, nor will it provide information on the magnitude of increased strength to be realized upon treatment of this soil with the indicated percentage of lime. This test method can be used to estimate the percentage of lime as hydrated lime or quicklime needed to stabilize soil. Agricultural lime (crushed limestone) will not stabilize soil. Note 18212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method provides a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. This test method is performed on soil passing the 425-m (No. 40) sieve. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index.1.2 Some highly alkaline by-products (lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, and so forth) have been successfully used to stabilize soil. This test method is not intended for these materials and any such product would need to be tested for specific characteristics as indicated in . 1.3 This test method is used to determine the lowest percentage of lime that results in a soil-lime pH of 12.4.1.4 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, and so forth can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may produce erroneous results using this test method.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization

ASTM E1520-99 粘土基杀虫剂配方和每磅粒状粘土吸收剂颗粒计数的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used to determine the number of particles per pound of granular carriers and granular pesticide formulations. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Particle Counts Per Pound of Granular Carriers and Dry-Applied Granular Formulations

ASTM D6276-99a(2006)e1 用PH值估计土壤稳定要求的土壤石灰比例的标准试验方法

The soil-lime pH test is performed as a test to indicate the soil-lime proportion needed to maintain the elevated pH necessary for sustaining the reactions required to stabilize a soil. The test derives from Eades and Grim. Performance tests are normally conducted in a laboratory to verify the results of this test method. This test method will not provide reliable information relative to the potential reactivity of a particular soil, nor will it provide information on the magnitude of increased strength to be realized upon treatment of this soil with the indicated percentage of lime. This test method can be used to estimate the percentage of lime as hydrated lime or quicklime needed to stabilize soil. Agricultural lime (crushed limestone) will not stabilize soil. Note 18212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method provides a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. This test method is performed on soil passing the −425-μm (No. 40) sieve. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index. 1.2 Some highly alkaline by-products (lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, and so forth) have been successfully used to stabilize soil. This test method is not intended for these materials and any such product would need to be tested for specific characteristics as indicated in 1.1. 1.3 This test method is used to determine the lowest percentage of lime that results in a soil-lime pH of 12.4. 1.4 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, and so forth can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may produce erroneous results using this test method. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization

ASTM E1520-99(2004) 粘土基杀虫剂配方和每磅粒状粘土吸收剂颗粒计数的标准试验方法

This test method was designed principally for clay granular carriers and clay-based granular formulations, but need not be limited to these materials. This procedure is applicable to granules in the range from 8 to 60 mesh (2.36 to 0.25 mm). The sieve sizes used to calculate total particle count will be called the desired range and should be specified as part of the test results.1.1 This test method is used to determine the number of particles per pound of granular carriers and granular pesticide formulations. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Particle Counts Per Pound of Granular Carriers and Dry-Applied Granular Formulations

ASTM D6467-99 用扭矩环剪切试验测定粘性土壤排水残余抗剪强度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides a procedure for performing a torsional ring shear test under a drained condition to determine the residual shear strength of cohesive soils. An undisturbed specimen can be used for testing. However, obtaining a natural slip surface specimen, determining the direction of field shearing, and trimming and properly aligning the usually non-horizontal shear surface in the ring shear apparatus is difficult. As a result, this test method focuses on the use of a remolded specimen.This test method is performed by deforming a presheared, remolded specimen at a controlled displacement rate until the constant minimum drained shear resistance is offered on a single shear plane determined by the configuration of the apparatus. An unlimited amount of continuous shear displacement can be achieved to obtain a residual strength condition. Generally, three or more normal stresses are applied to a test specimen to determine the drained residual failure envelope. A separate test specimen may be used for each normal stress.1.2 A shear stress-displacement relationship may be obtained from this test method. However, a shear stress-strain relationship or any associated quantity, such as modulus, cannot be determined from this test method because possible soil extrusion and volume change prevents defining the height needed in the shear strain calculations. As a result, shear strain cannot be calculated but shear displacement can be calculated.1.3 The selection of normal stresses and final determination of the shear strength envelope for design analyses and the criteria to interpret and evaluate the test results are the responsibility of the engineer or office requesting the test.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approximated.

Standard Test Method for Torsional Ring Shear Test to Determine Drained Residual Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils